In a significant blow to regional unity, the military-led governments of Niger, Mali, and Burkina Faso have formally withdrawn from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), ending a year-long standoff with the regional bloc. The departure, which took effect on January 29, 2025, marks a dramatic shift in West Africa’s geopolitical landscape and raises concerns about the future of regional stability and cooperation.

ECOWAS confirmed the withdrawal in a statement on Wednesday, acknowledging that its efforts to persuade the three nations to reconsider had failed. Despite the setback, the bloc emphasized that its “door remains open” for their potential return.

“The withdrawal of Burkina Faso, the Republic of Mali, and the Republic of Niger from ECOWAS has become effective today, 29th January 2025,” the statement read. “These arrangements will be in place until the full determination of the modalities of our future engagement with the three countries by the ECOWAS Authority of Heads of State and Government.”

The decision to leave ECOWAS follows months of strained relations between the three nations and the regional bloc. The juntas in Niger, Mali, and Burkina Faso have repeatedly accused ECOWAS of failing to provide adequate support in their fight against terrorism while imposing sanctions that they claim have exacerbated economic hardships for their populations.

The three countries first announced their intent to withdraw in early 2024 and have since resisted calls from ECOWAS to reverse their decision. Their departure underscores growing dissatisfaction with the regional body and highlights the challenges of maintaining unity in a region grappling with political instability, security threats, and economic disparities.

In a move signaling their commitment to an alternative path, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger have united under a new confederation called the Alliance of Sahel States (AES). The alliance aims to strengthen cooperation among the three nations, particularly in addressing shared security challenges and fostering economic development.

The formation of the AES reflects a broader trend of regional realignment, as military-led governments seek to assert greater autonomy and reduce reliance on traditional regional institutions like ECOWAS.

The withdrawal has garnered significant public support in Niger and Burkina Faso, where thousands of people rallied on Tuesday to celebrate the decision. Protesters expressed frustration with ECOWAS, accusing the bloc of being out of touch with the realities faced by their countries.

“ECOWAS has failed us,” said one protester in Niger’s capital, Niamey. “We need leaders who understand our struggles and are willing to stand with us, not against us.”

ECOWAS, which has long served as a key platform for resolving conflicts and promoting economic development, now faces the challenge of navigating a fractured regional landscape. The bloc’s ability to adapt to these changes will be critical in determining its future relevance and effectiveness.